Dream for The Best Success: Enlightenment, Tragedy and Success

Sonia A Montiel

Student atNassau
Community College

Multivariable Calculus

29 March 2007

Dream for The Best Success: Enlightenment, Tragedy and Success

            I am Carl Friedrich Gauss; I was born in
Germany on the April 30, 1777.  I am a mathematician and a physicist.  I graduated fromGeorge-August
University.  I am known as the “prince of mathematics” (Wikipidea).  I have been extremely careful and precise in all my work. I am the person who always completes my proofs before I publish them. I was a very intelligent child.  At the age of three, I was able to correct my father in an arithmetical error.  At school, my teacher gave me a problem of summing the integers from 1 to 100 to keep us busy.  I recognized that if I sum up 1 + 100, it will be 101, 2 + 99, it will be 101, and so on.  The sum of the integers would be 5,050  (wikipidea).

            In college, I independently discovered important theorems such as “The number theory, analysis, differential geometry, geodesy, magnetism, astronomy, optics and electromagnetism.” (Judson Knight, “Science and Its Times: Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery”, 252-253).

             My father, Gebhard, was a laborer and merchant. My mother, Dorothea, was a servant woman. “I was the only son of uneducated lower-class parents” (Wikipidea).     My parents never recorded the date of my birth.  However, my mother remembered that it was eight days after the Catholic Feast of the Ascension in 1777—April 30. I earned my doctorate in 1801 from theUniversity of
Helmstedt, and two years later, I published my thesis called “Disquisitiones arithmeticae”. 

            I got married with Johanna Osthoff in 1805, but a big tragedy struck me in 1810, when she died and my third child died soon after his birth. (Wikipidea).   I fell into a depression from which I could not recover from. Years later, I got married with Friederica Waldeck.  I had three children, and unfortunately she died from tuberculosis (Judson Knight, “Science and Its Times: Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery”, 252-253).

            I never wanted any of my sons to be a mathematicians or scientists for “fear of sullying the family name” (wikipidea).  I published a number of journals, including the journal of the Royal Society of Göttingen. When I was 19, I demonstrated a method for constructing a heptadecagon using a straightedge and a compass.  I explained that a regular polygon of “n” sides can be constructed using a compass and straightedge.  “Only if “n” is of the form 2p (2q+1)(2r+1) … , where 2q + 1, 2r + 1, … are prime numbers” (Paula, Byers. “Encyclopedia of World Biography”, 240-242). This was a major discovery in the field of mathematics.       

            In 1801, when I was 23, I heard about Piazzi’s work and his discovery of the asteroid Ceres. After three months of intense work, I calculated its orbit and successfully was able to discover the precise location of this asteroid for the following year for which I wrote the “Theoria motus corporum celestium.” This explained the “motion of planetoids disturbed by large planets” collected from the asteroid’s data. ( Paula, Byers. “Encyclopedia of World Biography”, 240-242).

            Someone asked me how I predicted the trajectory of Ceres with such accuracy, and I said, “I used logarithms…Who needs to look… tables?….I calculate them in my head!”  When I was 24, I published my first work called “Disquisitiones Arithmeticae,” showing how “complex numbers could be represented on an (x, y) plane” (G.H. Miller “Non-Euclidean Geometry.” Gale Encyclopedia of Science. , 2785-2787).

            In this book you can find the first proof of the law of quadratic reciprocity. I was the first who “approach the infinite series, 1 + ab/c x + a (a + 1) b (b + 1)/c(c + 1) x2/2!..” in which I established the conditions for the convergence of this series (Moore, Shirley. “Gauss-Seidel Method.”, Math World).  I became the first to prove the quadratic reciprocity law.  This remarkable law determined the solvability of any quadratic equation. I also proved the “fundamental theorem of algebra,” which states that every polynomial has a root of the form a+bi and that any polynomial equation has solutions.  Every natural number can be represented as the product of primes in only one way.      

            A complex number contains two parts; a real part and an imaginary part. Real numbers are positive numbers, negative numbers, and zero. For example, “5 + 3i is a complex number; 5 is the real part, and 3i is the imaginary part” (Byers Paula, Encyclopedia of World Biography, p240-242. 23). A polynomial equation with complex coefficients has at least one complex solution.  A polynomial equation of degree less than five can be solved by addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. (Stacey R. Murray,”Science and Its Times: Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery”, 208-210).

            I was interested in electric and magnetic phenomena and in 1830, I was involved in a research in collaboration with Wilhelm Weber. We invented the electromagnetic telegraph in which I made studies of “terrestrial magnetism and electromagnetic theory”.  I found the representation of magnetism in terms of mass, length, and time in electricity. This invention helped me to be “connected with the observatory and institute for physics in Göttingen” (Wikipidea). And finally, one of my last works in mathematics and physics was the contribution to potential theory and the development of the principle of conservation of energy. All my life I struggled to be the best proving that hard work and overcoming obstacles, are the key to success.

                                                            

References 

            Black, Noel and Moore, Shirley. “Gauss-Seidel Method.” From Math World–A Wolfram Web Resource, created by Eric W. Weisstein. http://mathworld.wolfram.com/ArithmeticSeries.html.

            Carl Friedrich Gauss.  Wikipidea. 02:05, 4 April 2007.Wikimedia foundation, Inc. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Gauss.

            Karl Friedrich Gauss, Encyclopedia of World Biography. Ed. Paula, Byers. Vol. 6. 2nd Ed. 
Detroit: Gale, 1998. p240-242. 23 vols.

            Carl Friedrich Gauss. Sherry Chasin Calvo. Science and Its Times: Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery. Eds. Josh Lauer and Neil Schlager. Vol. 5: 1800 To 1899.
Detroit: Gale, 2000. p251-253. 8 vols.  

             Non-Euclidean Geometry. G.H. Miller. Gale Encyclopedia of Science. Eds. K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Lerner. Vol. 4. 3rd ed.
Detroit: Gale, 2004. p2785-2787. 6 vols.

             Carl Friedrich Gauss. Judson Knight.  Science and Its Times: Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery. Eds. Josh Lauer and Neil Schlager. Vol. 4: 1700 To 1799.
Detroit: Gale, 2000. p252-253. 8 vols.

            Solving Quintic Equations. Stacey  R. Murray. Science and Its Times: Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery. Eds. Josh Lauer and Neil Schlager. Vol. 5: 1800 To 1899.
Detroit: Gale, 2000. p208-210. 8 vols.

HOW THE WORLD WORKS,

SONIA A. MONTIELMATH 225 PART 2      

HOW THE WORLD WORKS, presented by Isaac Newton.Sponsored byCoca Cola – Enjoy and learn every step of the way.Dunkin Doughnuts –
America runs on dunkin doughnuts.Barnes and Nobles – Need to know more?Italian Ices – Refresh a little    
 

 

Nassau
Community college is glad to inform you that during the summer 2007 session II. Isaac Newton will be on our campus teaching an exciting class called “Laws of nature “. For those students who want to take advantage of this course and gain knowledge from Isaac Newton you have to hurry up! We have a limit of 200 people. The course will include 10 Labs and 10 extensive lectures. This program will be fun and full of activities. Students will not only sit and take notes but they will get up from their seats and learn thorough experiments and activities. Isaac Newton promised the students he will teach a class where notes are not necessary. All of
Newton’s work will be analyzed step by step. All you will need for this class is a lab book which will be provided by Isaac Newton on the first day of class 

The good news, and why you must hurry and register, is that this course will replace    PHY 101               PHY 102               PHY 152               PHY 122          Don’t hesitate and tell you best friend to sign up. This class will be lots of fun! Class starts on June 7^th and will end on July 24. Class runs Monday thought Thursday from 10:00 a.m. until 5:30 p.m. 

TOPICS COVERED  

Newton‘s laws of motion 

·       three physical laws·       the statements of laws·       relationships between the forces acting on a body and their motion·       An object in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by a net force.·       Force equals mass multiplied by acceleration.·       To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.Universal Gravitation·       The force is proportional to the product of the two masses·       Acceleration due to gravity·       The force attracting a mass to the earthBinomial Theorem    ·       triangular arrangement of the binomial coefficients·       the binomial coefficients·       important formulas giving the expansion of powers of sums. 

          For those students who would like to learn more before class starts, here is a brief description of this course.  
Newton‘s laws of motion : A full description of the physical laws , understading the relationships between forces. Understanding the first, second, and third laws of motion. The second law will explain how  “no external force acts on a particle”. This course will include a step by step summary of Isaac
Newton named “ Principia Mathematica”. This summary will show how classical mechanics can help us to understand motion. Students will understand how  the rate of change is proportional to the net force.
Newton will cover the third law and students will enjoy understanding how simultaneous forces have the same magnitude in opposite directions.  Universal Gravitation: 
Newton will explain how masses are attracted by forces in which the force will be proportional to the product of the mases.  Isaac will teach how his formula  works and what every letter means . Students will learn how the SI units are important for understanding the nature of sicences. For instance G is approximately  6.67 × 10⁻¹¹ N m² kg^−2,  
Newton will explain the formula which represents the force attracting a mass to the earth.  

In the classroom students will understand the binomial theorem is an  important formula. Students will find the simplests equation by expanding the powers of sums. The binomial theorem is: 

 

This course promises to be a great way to escape psych. and learn from a true master or mathematics. All students are encouraged to attend. Don’t wait until the last minute register today!  

 

https://glassrcalc3.wordpress.com/2007/04/17/sir-isaac-newton-pt1/ 

https://glassrcalc3.wordpress.com/2007/04/12/isaac-newton/ 

 

Dead Teachers ??? Say What, Professor Gausss …

Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss is a brilliant scientists, I am glad to hear that he is teaching in the fall 2007  semester. It was a great idea for the chairmans of the  Physics and Math departments  to assign Professor Gauss to teach Physics 222 (Electricity & Magnetism) and Math 109 (Algebra & Trig). The rumor around campus is that all his classes are filled up already and registration has only been open for a day.

Professor Gauss is well noted for his law, which is known as Gauss Law. Also, his work involved the  Fundamental Theory of Algebra.  He said, ” My work involved the Fundamental Theory of Algebra. I proved that any polynomial equations has solutions. From there I introduced the concept of composite numbers, real numbers expressed as a function of complex numbers.”(Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss) Gauss is not only noticed for his mathematician skills, but is also a genius in physics. He said, “In magnetism I found that “the net flux through a surface, regardless of its shape, equals a constant times the net charge inside the surface.” This result is know as “Gauss’ Law.” (Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss) These are the main works that Professor Gauss is well noticed for. This is the reason for the chairman of both departments to assign him to these classes. Now I know why all his classes are filled up already, who wouldn’t want to be taught by a genius.

https://glassrcalc3.wordpress.com/2007/03/26/johann-carl-friedrich-gauss/

Since I am Professor Gauss’s favorite student, he has selected me to write his course topics for his physics and math classes. For Physics, since we only have a limited number of classes, I have selected the following topics for Professor Gauss to teach.

1. Electric Fields

2. Attraction and Repulsion

3. Forces In Electric Fields

4. Conductance and Capacitors

5. Electric Potential

The topics to be taught for his Math 109 class are the following . . .

1. Basics Algebra

2. Functions and Graphs  

3.  Systems of Linear Equations

4. Introduction to Trigonometry

5. Exponential and Loagrithmic Functions

Works cited

“Carl Friedrich Gauss.” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 26 Mar 2007, 18:00 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 27 Mar 2007

<http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl_Friedrich_Gauss&oldid=118049608>.

Physics

I have selected to enter the Prof. Isaac Newton’s  physics class. He is a brilliant mathematician whose investigation had an impact in the field of astronomy and physics.

In astronomy he found the law of gravitation which states that

“ Every single point mass attracts every other point mass by a force pointing along the line combining the two. The force is proportional to the product of the two masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the point masses:

F= GmM/R^2

F is the magnitude of the gravitational force between the two point masses

G is the gravitational constant

m is the mass of the first point mass

M is the mass of the second point mass

R is the distance between the two point masses” (Wikipedia)

 

The law of gravitation and the three laws of motion combined with the mathematics Prof Isaac Newton developed today known as calculus, served to study statics and kinematics of particles.

The class should cover these topics:

-Force and equilibrium

– Mass and acceleration

-Differential, speed and acceleration

-Motion and frame of reference

-The Universal law of Gravitation

 

 

Works cited

“Newton’s law of universal gravitation.” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 1 May 2007, 00:44 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 1 May 2007 <http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Newton%27s_law_of_universal_gravitation&oldid=127297485>.

Sir Isaac Newton Pt 1.

 

Newton The Scientist.

                                                     

 

                                                                 Sir Isaac Newton

    Hello, my name is Sir Isaac Newton and I am here to describe to you a few facts about myself in hope of creating a greater insight into my works. I will begin my resume at my birth and early years. I was born on Jan. 4, 1643, at Woolsthorpe, near Grantham, Lincolnshire, England. I “attended school in my home town and in 1661 entered Cambridge University and then in 1667 I was elected a Fellow of Trinity College and Lucasian Professor of Mathematics in 1669” (Newton Encarta). I remained at the university till 1696 and during those years I was mostly lecturing classes. After receiving my degree from college I began to look into the fields of which interested me the most. Astronomy, mathematics, optics, gravitation and other such fields were of my majors and that which I excelled in.

    In mathematics I was taught geometry in school, but later in my life I self-taught myself certain other higher aspects of mathematics. I am famous for “solving solutions to the contemporary problems in analytical geometry of drawing tangents to curves (differentiation) and defining areas bounded by curves (integration)” (Newton Encarta). These two important concepts in mathematics I discovered to be inverse of each other and using this principle enabled me to create differential and integral calculus. I did not publish these finding right away, however, I did lecture them at Cambridge University which later lead to them becoming published.

    During a two year period I lectured optics at Cambridge University I looked further into “the refraction of light, demonstrating that a prism could decompose white light into a spectrum of colors, and that a lens and a second prism could recompose the multicolored spectrum into white light.” (Isaac Newton Wikipedia) In order to prove my theory that white light was not as simple as a mere single beam I constructed in an experiment showing that there was several different colors in a ray of white light. I constructed my experiment by taking a light of beam and shining the light through a glass prism and observed that the light refracted different colors. The different colors consisted of red, blue, green, yellow, and violet. I argued that white light is really a mixture of many different types of rays, that the different types of rays are refracted at slightly different angles, and that each different type of ray is responsible for producing a given spectral color. (Newton Greenwhich) My experiment confirmed my theory and I selected out of the spectrum a narrow band of light of one color. I sent it through a second prism and observed that no further elongation occurred. All the rays of one color were refracted at the same angle. This experiment also gave people of my time a new approach to discovering truth which was experimenting on ideas and observe the conclusions.

    These were not the only two fields I tailored myself to, but these are two fields in which I certainly help scientists and mathematicians alike to a new level of understanding and complex thinking. My works that I published and lectured about, however, are in no way undermining the teachings of the Church and religion. I believe gravity and other such forces holds the planets and objects in place or in motion, but God himself put those objects in place or motion. I would also like to thank the scientists and philosophers before my time that made many of my discoveries possible such as Aristole, Copernicus, Kepler and many more. Without their findings and experiments some of mine may have been impossible.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

“Isaac Newton” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. October 25, 2006

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_newton

Alfred Rupert Hall. Isaac Newton’s Life. Microsoft Encarta.

1998. Microsoft Corporation. http://www.newton.cam.ac.uk/newtlife.

Greenwhich Past. Sir Isaac Newton. 07 July 2006. 06 April 2007.

http://wwp.greenwichpast.com/vip/folk/newton.htm

Newton My Main Man

       My name is Sir Isaac Newton and was born on Christmas Day in 1642 in Lincoln-Shire, England. I attended Trinity College, Cambridge at the age of nineteen. While studying mathematics and science I achieved my bachelors degree in 1665 and two years later I attained my masters. At the age of twenty seven I was teaching mathematics at Trinity College, I taught there for twenty seven years. I have background in many fields such as mathematics, science, mechanics, gravitation, optics, and astronomy. My main two fields that made me the man I am today were optics and universal gravitation, where I used several experiments and made many discoveries to make physics, science, and mathematics what it is today.

          In my study of optics I was very curious about light’s different colors and the thought that it could be refracted . So to answer my  curiosity, I did an experiment using a prism. I took the prism and shined light threw it. It went through big deal, but then I began to wonder if I were to darken the room and put a hole next to the window would the light that was shining through the prism be refracted to the other side of the room. 

          It was stated by Greewich Past, “I saw a spectrum of colors which were red, yellow, green, blue, and violet which form on the wall opposite the glass prism”. I figured that these colors were produced from different rays being refracted at slightly different angles. From this observation it allowed me to come up with the conclusion that light itself is a heterogeneous mixture of differently re-frangible rays. After experimenting in optics, it led me to  develop a reflecting telescope, according to Greenwich Past, “it’s known to be the largest modern optical telescope”.

          I also made another amazing discovery, I personally think it’s better than the invention of the telescope and my theory of optics. I came up with theory of Universal Gravitation. People say that I discovered this by watching an apple fall from a tree while I was in my garden, and it’s true, not just some myth. It was by the year of 1966 I had come up with my three laws of motion. It was stated by Greenwich Past, “”I said that there was a centrifugal force on a body that moves in a circular path”, but it was a man by the name of Johannes Kepler and his third law of planetary motion who helped me show that “Earth’s gravity extends to the moon counterbalancing it’s centripetal force””. Greenwich Past also stated, “Kepler help show me that the centripetal force of any planet has to decrease as the inverse square of it’s distance from the center of its motion”.  Once again I did need the help of others, and I thank my adviser Hooke who led me into discussing orbital motion. According to Greenwich Past, ” I showed that a body moving in an elliptical path and that it attracted to one focus must indeed be drawn by a force that varies as the inverse square of the distance.”

          After many years of problem solving and my significant discovery of universal gravitation, it was by the year of 1987 when I published the Principia. In this book I analyzed the motion of bodies under the action of centripetal forces. I analyzed orbiting bodies, projectiles, pendulums, and free falling bodies. I also stated my law of universal gravitation.

          Many people think that this book is what put me on the map. I believe they are right, because I now could answer questions that couldn’t be answered. I discussed phenomenas such as the eccentric orbits of comets, also the causes of the tides  and their major variations. I was now considered as the greatest scientists of my time.

          The impact that I made on the world of science, math, and physics is inevitable. I feel I have done a great deal to encourage all to continue analyzing my work and trying to find my faults. I now tell whoever to go on and study my works, and walk the road to the age of technology, in which I paved for you.

                                                           

                                                       WORKS CITED

 

Byers, Paula K. “Sir Isaac Newton.” Encyclopedia of World Biography.Ed.

     Rosalyn Carson-DeWitt, M.D Vol. 2. 2nd ed. Detroit: Gale, 1998.

     369-372.23 vols. Gale Virtual Reference Library. 25 March 2007

     http://www.galanet.galegroup.com.

Wikipedia contributours. Isaac Newton. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 26

     March. 2007. 02:13 UTC. Wikimedia Foundations, Inc. 27 March 2007 

      http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isaac_Newton&oldid=117978682  

Alfred Rupert Hall. Isaac Newton’s Life. Microsoft Encarta.

     1998. Microsoft Corporation. http://www.newton.cam.ac.uk/newtlife.

Greenwhich Past. Sir Isaac Newton. 07 July 2006. 06 April 2007.

    http://wwp.greenwichpast.com/vip/folk/newton.htm 

Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss

My name is Karl Friedrich Gauss. I was born in 1777 in Brunswick, Germany.

In 1788, I went to study at the Gymnasium where I learnt German and Latin.  Later in 1792, I entered Brunswick Carolinum. Then I went for further studies at Gottingen University. I obtained a doctoral degree from the University of Helmstedt.

My work involved the Fundamental Theory of Algebra. I proved that any polynomial equations has solutions. From there I introduced the concept of composite numbers, real numbers expressed as a function of complex numbers.

In geometry, I discovered how a regular polygon could be constructed using a compass and a ruler.  I also developped  the law that predicted the path of the asteroids Ceres and Pallas. It is applicable to other celestial bodies.

I did work in geodesy, the measurement of earth’s surface and invented the heliotrope,a surveying instrument. from my experimental work, I introduced the concept of normal distribution variation commonly know as the bell curve.

My work in physics involved the principle of conservation of energy and the potential theory. In magnetism i found that “the net flux through a surface, regardless of its shape, equals a constant times the net charge inside the surface.” This result is know as “Gauss’ Law.”

Besides my experience,  I also published “Disquisitiones Arithmeticae” in 1807 and several entries in the journal of the Royal Society of Gottingen.

Works cited

“Carl Friedrich Gauss.” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 26 Mar 2007, 18:00 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 27 Mar 2007 <http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carl_Friedrich_Gauss&oldid=118049608>.

Carl Friedrich Gauss. SHERRI CHASIN CALVO. 
        Science and Its Times: Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery. Eds. Josh Lauer and Neil Schlager. Vol. 5: 1800 To 1899. Detroit: Gale, 2000. p251-253. 8 vols. 

J J O’Connor and E F Robertson. “Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss.” School of Mathematics and Statistics. December 1996. 03 March 2007.

<http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Gauss.html >.